Keppra (Levetiracetam) for Dogs & Cats
Reviewed by Remedy Veterinary Specialists Neurology Team
Dr. Jurney, DVM, DACVIM (Neurology)
Dr. Qahwash, DVM, DACVIM (Neurology)
If your pet has been diagnosed with seizures or another neurologic condition, your veterinarian may have prescribed Keppra (levetiracetam). Keppra is one of the most commonly used anti-seizure medications in veterinary neurology and is frequently part of both short-term and long-term treatment plans for dogs and cats.
This guide explains how Keppra works, when neurologists choose it, how it is given, what side effects to watch for, and what to expect over time. It is written by board-certified veterinary neurologists who manage seizure disorders every day.
Why You Can Trust This Guide
This information is written and reviewed by board-certified veterinary neurologists. Seizure management is nuanced, individualized, and often evolves over time. Our goal is to give pet parents clear, accurate information without oversimplifying or overstating outcomes.
What Is Keppra?
Keppra is the brand name for levetiracetam, an anticonvulsant medication used to help control seizures in dogs and cats.
Keppra may be used:
As a first medication in some seizure patients
Alongside other seizure medications such as phenobarbital or zonisamide
Short-term during periods of increased seizure activity
Long-term as part of an ongoing seizure management plan
At Remedy, Keppra is commonly selected because it is generally well tolerated and does not require routine blood level monitoring in most cases.
How Keppra Works in the Brain
Keppra helps stabilize abnormal electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures. While its exact mechanism is complex, it works differently than many older seizure medications, which is why it is often used in combination with other drugs or when side effects are a concern.
When Keppra Is the Right Choice
And When It May Not Be
Keppra is a valuable tool, but it is not the right medication for every pet.
Neurologists commonly prescribe Keppra when:
A pet has newly diagnosed seizures and needs immediate control
Seizures are occurring in clusters
Breakthrough seizures are happening despite other medications
Liver-friendly options are preferred
Short-term seizure suppression is needed
Keppra may not be ideal as the sole long-term medication for some pets with frequent or severe epilepsy. In those cases, it is often combined with other anticonvulsants for better control.
Choosing the right medication is not about one drug being better than another. It is about matching the medication to the individual brain, seizure pattern, and overall health of the pet.
Keppra vs Keppra XR, What is the difference.
Regular Keppra
Typically given every 8 hours
Available in tablets or liquid formulations
Commonly used in dogs and cats of all sizes
Keppra XR or ER (Extended Release)
Typically given every 12 hours
Must be swallowed whole
Cannot be split or crushed
Only appropriate for pets that can reliably swallow pills intact
Extended-release Keppra is most often used in larger dogs. It is not appropriate for cats or small dogs unless specifically directed by a neurologist.
Our team will help determine which formulation fits your pet and your daily schedule safely.
Dosing and Timing
Keppra is most effective when given on a strict schedule. Even small delays can increase the risk of seizures.
Typical dosing patterns include:
Regular Keppra: usually given three times daily, every 8 hours
Keppra XR or ER: usually given twice daily with food
Burst therapy: sometimes started after a seizure and continued every 8 hours until the pet has been seizure-free for at least 24 hours
Exact dosing is based on your pet’s weight, seizure history, and overall neurologic plan.
Missed Doses
If you miss a single dose, give it as soon as you remember, even if it is close to the next scheduled dose.
Do not skip doses or stop Keppra suddenly. Abrupt changes can trigger seizures, including severe or prolonged episodes.
Always contact your veterinary team if dosing changes are needed.
Changing or Stopping Keppra
Seizure medications usually need to be tapered gradually rather than stopped abruptly.
Exceptions may include:
Very short treatment courses
Serious side effects that require immediate adjustment
Never change the dose or stop Keppra without guidance from your veterinarian or neurologist.
Possible Side Effects
Most dogs and cats tolerate Keppra well. When side effects occur, they are usually mild and temporary.
Common side effects may include:
Sleepiness or sedation
Wobbliness or unsteadiness
Mild nausea or gastrointestinal upset
Contact your veterinary team if you notice:
Extreme lethargy
Significant behavior changes
Difficulty walking
Vomiting with every dose
What to Expect Over Time
Keppra can take several weeks to fully stabilize seizure activity. Some pets respond quickly, while others require dose adjustments or additional medications.
Over time, neurologists may:
Adjust dosing based on seizure control
Add or remove medications as needed
Reevaluate the treatment plan if seizures change
Every seizure plan is individualized. There is no one-size-fits-all approach.
Common Questions and Misconceptions
Does Keppra stop working over time
Some pets develop tolerance, while others remain stable long-term. This is why monitoring and follow-up matter.
Is Keppra safer than other seizure medications
Keppra is generally well tolerated, but safety depends on the individual pet and the full treatment plan.
Is extended-release always better
No. XR formulations are only appropriate for certain pets and situations.
Questions? We're Here to Help
We know seizures and neurologic conditions can feel overwhelming. Whether you’re just starting treatment or looking to better understand your pet’s medications, our neurology team is here for you.
Call Us: (415)967-3303
Contact Us:
Mon \ Fri: 8:30am - 5:30pm
Sat: by appointment only
Phone: (415)967-3303
Email: frontdesk@remedyvets.com
